Network Topology

Network Topology

Topology refers to physical arrangement of computers, cables, and switches or networking devices.

there are main 6 topology.

1. Bus topology
2. Ring topology
3. Star topology
4. Mesh topology
5. Hybrid Topology
6. Tree Topology

Bus topology

a bus topology is a type of network setup where each computer and network device is connected to a single cable.

Advantages of a Bus Topology

• Easy to connect a computer or peripheral to a linear bus.
• Requires less cable length than a star topology.

Disadvantages of  Bus Topology

• Entire network shuts down if there is a break in the main cable.
• Terminators are required at both ends of the backbone cable.
• Difficult to identify the problem if the entire network shuts down.
• Not meant to be used as a stand-alone solution in a large building.

Ring Topology

In Ring Topology, all the nodes are connected to each-other in such a way that they make a closed loop. Each workstation is connected to two other components on either side, and it communicates with these two adjacent neighbors. Data travels around the network, in one direction. Sending and receiving of data takes place by the help of TOKEN.

Advantages of Ring Topology

• This type of network topology is very organized. Each node gets to send the data when it receives an   empty token. This helps to reduces chances of collision. Also in ring topology all the traffic flows in only one  direction at very high speed.
• Even when the load on the network increases, its performance is better than that of Bus topology.
• There is no need for network server to control the connectivity between workstations.
• Additional components do not affect the performance of network.
• Each computer has equal access to resources.

Disadvantages of Ring Topology

• Each packet of data must pass through all the computers between source and destination. This makes it slower than star topology
• If one workstation or port goes down, the entire network gets affected.
• Network is highly dependent on the wire which connects different components. 
• MAU’s and network cards are expensive as compared to Ethernet cards and hubs. 

Star Topology

a Star topology is one of the most common network setup where each of the devices and computers on a network connect to central hub or switch.

Advantages of a Star Topology

• Easy to install and wire.
• No disruptions to the network then connecting or removing devices.
• Easy to detect faults and to remove parts.

Disadvantages of a Star Topology

• Requires more cable length than a linear topology.
• If the hub or concentrator fails, nodes attached are disabled.
• More expensive than linear bus topologies because of the cost of the concentrators.

Mesh Topology

A network setup where each computer and network device is interconnected with one another, allowing for most transmissions to be distributed, even if one of the connections go down. This topology is not commonly used for most computer networks as it is difficult and expensive to have redundant connection to every computer. 

Advantage of Mesh Topology

• Mesh topology provide more path for communication
• high speed data transmission
• low packet overhead
• less traffic in a network

Disadvantage of Mesh Topology

• High installation Cost.
• Require more complex network structure

Hybrid Topology

Hybrid, as the name suggests, is mixture of two different things. Similarly in this type of topology we integrate two or more different topologies to form a resultant topology which has good points(as well as weaknesses) of all the constituent basic topologies rather than having characteristics of one specific topology. These combination of topologies are done according to the requirements of the organization.

Tree Topology

A tree topology connects multiple star networks to other star networks